Effects of circadian rhythm on the development of dental hard tissues / 中华口腔医学杂志

Circadian rhythm is regulated by circadian clock, which is formed by the body response to external cyclic stimuli through the endogenous circadian clock. Circadian rhythm disturbance is closely related to the risks of a variety of diseases, and its impact on oral health cannot be ignored. Exploring the relationship and related molecular mechanism between circadian rhythm and dental hard tissues development are helpful to deeply understand the pathogenesis of developmental defects on these tissues, which could provide a theoretical basis for prevention and treatment on disorders of dental hard tissues. In order to provide guidance for the disease prevention and treatment, based on the summarization of current research progress, this paper focuses on the involvement of biorhythm in the development of tooth hard tissues as well as the disturbance of circadian rhythm on the formation of enamel and dentin, and analyzes the related regulating mechanism of circadian rhythm and genes during the development of tooth hard tissues.

Analysis and considerations on revision of instructions for traditional Chinese medicine injections / 中国中药杂志

According to the notice on revision of the instructions for traditional Chinese medicine injections(TCMIs) issued by the National Medical Products Administration(NMPA) from January 2006 to May 2020, the revised contents in the instructions for 29 varieties involved in the notice were sorted out, and the existing problems in the instructions for TCMIs were analyzed, so as to provide the basis for dynamic revision of the instructions. It was found that the revised items of instructions for 29 varieties all involved adverse reactions, contraindications and precautions, and warnings were added for 82.76% of 29 TCMIs preparations, indicating that all the revised contents were related to safety issues. In addition, 33.33% of the drugs risks mentioned in the precautions were not indicated in the adverse reactions; 82.76% instructions did not indicate drug interactions; 17.24% instructions lacked medication notes for special populations; 48.28% instructions did not indicate traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) syndromes of the main disease; 44.83% instructions did not indicate the type and stage of indication; and 86.21% instructions did not indicate the course of treatment. It could be concluded that the instructions for TCMIs have known risks of drugs that are not fully reflected in adverse reactions and the effective information is not comprehensive. The risk control measures proposed in the precautions need to have aftereffect evaluation and there is a lack of drug interactions and medications for special populations. As an important part of the full life-cycle management of drugs, the revision of instructions for TCMIs should be continuously improved to provide the basis for safe and reasonable application of TCMIs. Based on the above problems, it is proposed that the marketing license holder as the main body of the revision of instructions should actively carry out post-marketing basic and clinical research in accordance with the characteristics of TCM, combine the updated research with the guidance of TCM theory and improve the revision level of instructions for TCMIs to provide the basis for post-marketing evaluation.

Simultaneous determination of six triterpenoid acids from Guizhi Fuling capsules by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国中药杂志

To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of six triterpenoid constituents (pachymic acid, dehydropachymic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C, dehydroeburicoic acid and dehydrotra metenolic acid) in Guizhi Fuling capsules (GFC). Chromatographic analysis was conducted on Agilent Porosheell 120 SB-C₁₈ column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 2.7 μm), with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.4 mL•min-1. The column temperature was 30 ℃ and the sample size was 5 μL. The samples were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometer with negative electrospray ionization (ESI) source, and monitored under a multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, with the quantitative ion pairs m/z 527.8→465.5 (pachymic acid), m/z 525.6→465.6 (dehydropachymic acid), m/z 483.4→337.3 (dehydrotumulosic acid), m/z 481.5→419.5 (polyporenic acid C), m/z 467.4→337.1 (dehydroeburicoic acid), m/z 453.4→337.0 (dehydrotra metenolic acid). Six triterpenoid acids showed good linear relationships within the investigated concentration ranges (r> 0.996 8), with RSDs of precision less than 6.2%, and all RSDs of repeatability less than 5.9%. The average recovery rate was 97.90%, 100.2%, 99.60%, 101.7%, 102.6% and 103.0% respectively. The method was rapid, accurate, repeatable and could be used as a method for quantitative determination of triterpenoid acids in Chinese medicine prescriptions, providing a reference method for the quality control of Guizhi Fuling capsules and providing a reference for the content determination for Chinese medicine prescriptions containing Poria cocos.

Molecular cloning, bioinformatics characterization, and gene expression analysis of full-length expansin gene cDNA from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum / 中草药

Objective: To clone the sequence and characterize gene expression of an expansin gene from Tetrastigma hemsleyanum, and to predict its probable function. Methods: According to the conservative region sequences of expansin gene in GenBank database, one pair of degenerate primers were designed for RT-PCR. The conservative region fragment was first amplified by RT-PCR from cDNA template of T. hemsleyanum. The full-length sequence of expansin gene cDNA (named as Th-exp) was extended by RACE (rapid-amplification of cDNA ends). Th-exp expression levels in different organs were conducted by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR. Results: The full-length cDNA sequences of Th-exp gene were obtained in 782 bp. Th-exp gene containsed a 630 bp open reading frame, which encoded a protein of 209 amino acids (GenBank accession number KP693606). The protein encoded by Th-exp habours a typical expansin structure, including eight cysteine domains in N terminal region, four conserved tryptophan domain in C terminal region, and histidine function domain in intermediate region. Blast alignment showed that Th-exp was similar to expansin genes of Vitis vinifera and Tarenaya hassleriana. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and fluorescence quantitative PCR indicated that Th-exp could express in the leaves, stems, ordinary fine roots, and calabash-shaped roots, while the expression level in calabash-shaped roots was higher than those in other organs. Conclusion: The expansin gene (Th-exp) is cloned from T. hemsleyanum, and it could be involved in the development of root tubers in T. hemsleyanum.

Study on anti-inflammatory activities of phenolic acids from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos / 中草药

Objective: To study the anti-inflammatory of phenolic acids from Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Methods: The compounds in the EtOAc fraction were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies, and preparative HPLC as well. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data such as ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR data. The anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated by a in vitro model of LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Results: Eight phenolic acids, three iridoids, and one flavonoid were isolated from the extracts of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and identified as 5-O- caffeoylquinic acid (1), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 4,5-di-O- caffeoylquinic acid (5), chlorogenic acid (6), caffeic acid (7), methyl caffeate acid (8), secoxyloganin (9), secologanoside (10), sweroside (11), and luteolin (12). Compounds 1-8 showed the anti-inflammatory activity in different degrees. Conclusion: Phenolic acids are the main anti-inflammatory constituents in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos. Caffeic acid shows the strongest activity in vitro.

Anti-complementary phenolic acids from Lonicera japonica / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the anti-complementary phenolic acids from Lonicera japonica.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The anti-complementary activity-directed isolation was carried out with the hemolysis test as guide. All isolation was evaluated for their in vitro anti-complementary activities. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic data including ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Fourteen compounds were isolated from the EtOAc fraction of L. japonica extracts, including 8 phenolic acids: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (1), chlorogenic (2), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), caffeic acid (7) and methyl caffeate acid (8); 3 iridoids: secologanoside (9), sweroside (10) and secoxyloganin (11); and 3 flavonoids: luteolin (12), quercetin (13) and kaempferol (14). Compounds 1-9 and 11-14 showed anti-complementary activity in different extents and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4) exhibited the most significant activity against the classical pathway.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 14 is obtained from this plant for the first time, phenolic acids are the main anti-complementary constituents of L. japonica and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(4) is a potential complement inhibitor with strong activity, which worthy to be studied further in the future.</p>

Application of molecularly imprinted technology for separation of PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule / 中国中药杂志

1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucose (PGG) is one of the main active compounds of Guizhi Fuling capsule. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) have high affinity toward template molecules synthesized by molecularly imprinted technology for its specific combined sites, which can overcome the shortcoming of traditional separation methods, such as complex operation, low efficiency, using large quantity of solvent and environmental pollution. In this paper, surface molecularly imprinted polymer (SMIP) was prepared by surface imprinting with PGG as the template molecule. Its adsorption capacity was measured by the scatchard equation. The separation of PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule at preparatived scale was achieved with molecularly imprinted polymer as stationary phase and the purity was 90.2% by HPLC. This method can be used to prepare PGG from Guizhi Fuling capsule with large capacity and is easy to operate. It provides a new method for efficient separation and purification for other natural products.

Research progress on chemical constituents from Lonicerae Flos / 中草药

Lonicerae Flos known as "Jin Yin Hua" in Chinese, is commonly used in Chinese materia medica. Numerous compounds such as flavonoids, iridoids, triterpenoids, organic acids, and volatile components have been reported from this plant. This paper reviews the researches on the chemical constituents of Lonicerae Flos in recent 20 years, and provides the references for further studies.

Chemical constituents from Artemisia annua / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents of dried whole plants of Artemisia annua.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography, medium pressure column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses and comparison of NMR data with those reported in literature.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>15 compounds were isolated and identified to be 5-O-[(E)-Caffeoyl] quinic acid(l), 1,3-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(2), 4 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(3), 3, 5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4), 3, 4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), methyl-3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(6), methyl-3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid(7), 3,6'-O-diferuloylsucrose(8), 5'-β-D-glucopyranosyloxyjasmonic acid(9), Scopoletin(10), scoparone (11), 4-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2-hydroxyl-6-methoxyacetophenone (12), chrysosplenol D (13), casticin (14), chrysosplenetin(15).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 2, 6, 8 and 9 are obtained from the Artemisia genus for the first time. Compounds 7 and 15 are obtained from this plant for the first time.</p>

Clinicopathologic analysis and genetic investigation of two families with cherubism / 中华口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study genetic feature, clinical and histopathological characteristic of two Chinese kindreds with cherubism (CBM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two Chinese kindreds with CBM were investigated. The affected individuals of two families were analyzed with medical history, clinical manifestations, classified grading system, radiographic assessment, histopathological findings, and hereditary nature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were 2 individuals affected with CBM in family A and 3 patients involving three generations in family B. Two probands were diagnosed aggressive form cherubism and classified as grade IV. In histopathological findings, besides varying numbers of multinucleated giant cells in a stroma of fibroblasts and the eosinophilic cuffing surrounding some vessels, actively proliferating areas with clear mitoschisis and relative dormant areas with loose fibrous tissue and bone were also presented in microscopic fields of the lesion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Cherubism is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance. The diagnosis should be based on the genetic, clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects of the disease.</p>